Can I buy health insurance that’s compatible with a health savings account (HSA) through the health insurance exchange in my state?
If you enroll in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP), you’ll be eligible to fund an HSA. HSAs let you contribute pre-tax dollars that you can then use to pay for qualified medical expenses. In almost every county in the country, HDHPs are available through the Marketplace/exchange.
Depending on your income, you might be eligible for premium tax credits (subsidies) that make the premiums more affordable. Most enrollees are subsidy-eligible, and the subsidies are larger and more widely available as a result of the American Rescue Plan and Inflation Reduction Act. It’s also important to note that contributions to your HSA will reduce your ACA-specific modified adjusted gross income, which could result in a larger premium subsidy.
The Affordable Care Act’s open enrollment period (OEP) – from November 1 through January 15 in most states – is your chance to secure health coverage. You can also enroll outside of that window if you qualify for a special enrollment period.
Your goal in choosing a health insurance plan likely involves keeping your total costs as minimal as possible, while ensuring that you have access to the services and providers you need.
And when you run the numbers on what each health plan will cost you, you’re apt to focus on two main factors: premiums and out-of-pocket costs. But remember, there’s a less obvious form of healthcare savings you might reap, depending on the plan you choose, and it’s the tax savings associated with a health savings account (HSA).
Read one couple’s story of how they ended up selecting an HSA-qualified health plan after transitioning away from a more robust employer-sponsored plan.
Am I eligible to contribute to an HSA?
To contribute pre-tax money to an HSA, you must sign up for a high-deductible health plan (HDHP). A plan is not an HDHP just because it has a high deductible; HDHPs also have to follow other rules laid out by the IRS.
For 2024 coverage, HDHPs must have minimum deductibles of $1,600 for an individual and $3,200 for a family, and out-of-pocket caps of no more than $8,050 for an individual and $16,100 for a family1 (these limits are indexed each year by the IRS, and are lower than the out-of-pocket maximums that apply to non-HDHPs).
In addition, HDHPs cannot pay for any non-preventive services before the aforementioned minimum deductibles are met. But with an HDHP, you’re entitled to certain free preventive care services before the deductible is met (this works just like preventive coverage on any other ACA-compliant health plan).
And there are new rules in place that allow insurers the option to provide treatment for certain chronic conditions, like asthma and diabetes, under the preventive care umbrella while allowing the plan to retain its HDHP status. If your insurer offers these additional benefits, you may be eligible to receive certain covered treatment before meeting your deductible. Plus, you can use your HSA funds to pay your deductibles under your HDHP.
How much can I contribute to an HSA?
If you had HDHP coverage in 2023, you can contribute up to $3,850 to an HSA if your HDHP covered just yourself, or up to $7,750 if your HDHP also covered at least one other family member.2 You have until April 15, 2024 to make your 2023 HSA contributions.
If you’re enrolled in an HDHP for 2024, you can contribute up to $4,150 if you have self-only HDHP coverage, or up to $8,300 if your HDHP also covers at least one other family member.1 You have until the tax filing deadline in 2025 to make your contributions.
If you’re 55 or older, you get an additional $1,000 on top of whichever limit applies to you (that additional amount is not indexed for inflation; it stays the same from one year to the next).
How to find an HDHP
HDHPs are available through the Affordable Care Act’s marketplaces in almost all areas of the country, and can be found at the Bronze, Silver, and Gold levels. The higher the metal level your plan falls under, the more the plan covers enrollees’ average healthcare costs, and the less the enrollees pay (based on average costs for a standard population, as opposed to each individual’s costs):
| Affordable Care Act’s metal level plans | ||
|---|---|---|
| Metal level | Plan pays* | Enrollees pay* |
| Bronze | 60% of costs | 40% of costs |
| Silver | 70% of costs | 30% of costs |
| Gold | 80% of costs | 20% of costs |
| Platinum | 90% of costs | 20% of costs |
*These percentages are calculated across a standard population, and are not representative of what each individual will pay, since that will depend on the person’s utilization of medical services throughout the year.
Your premium costs will generally rise as you go from level to level, so that a Silver plan charges a higher premium than a Bronze plan, and a Gold plan charges a higher premium than a Silver plan (but that’s not always the case, now that the cost of cost-sharing reductions is being added to silver plan rates; Gold plans in some areas are less expensive than Silver plans). But since premiums and deductibles tend to have an inverse relationship, the higher your premiums, the lower your deductibles. It’s for this reason that HDHPs are more commonly found at the Bronze and Silver levels.
When you explore your plan options through HealthCare.gov or the state-run exchange/Marketplace in your state, each listing will indicate whether the coverage is HSA-eligible. Keep in mind that some plans with higher deductibles won’t qualify as an HDHP because their out-of-pocket maximums exceed the aforementioned thresholds, or because they cover part of the cost of non-preventive services before the minimum deductible is met (for example, they offer copays for office visits, instead of requiring the member to pay the full network-negotiated cost of office visits until the deductible is met).
Learn why catastrophic health plans are not HSA-qualified.
Is an HDHP right for you?
To give you a sense of what an HDHP might cost you, consider this:
In 2024, a family of three (two adults in their mid-40s plus one 10-year-old dependent) in Chicago with an income of $100,000 (ie, above 400% of the poverty level so normally not eligible for premium subsidies, but eligible for a subsidy of $444/month in 2024 due to the American Rescue Plan) could purchase a Bronze-level HDHP at a monthly premium of $588 (after the subsidy is applied), with the deductible of $6,700 and out-of-pocket maximum of $8,050 (both double that amount for the family).
Meanwhile, a Gold plan (non-HDHP) with a monthly premium of $798 (after the subsidy is applied) comes with an annual deductible of $3,000 for the whole family, $30 primary care copays and $60 specialist copays, and a total family out-of-pocket cap of $17,400 for the year. The higher-cost Gold plan includes more robust coverage (unless the family has significant medical needs that cause them to meet the out-of-pocket maximum; in that case, the HDHP would provide more robust coverage, as it would cap their costs at $16,100). But the family would not be eligible to contribute to an HSA with this plan, and would spend about $210 in additional premiums each month.
It’s also important to note that HSA contributions will reduce your ACA-specific modified adjusted gross income, which means that your premium subsidy could be larger if you enroll in an HDHP and fund an HSA, versus if you can’t or don’t fund an HSA.
There are trade-offs on both ends of the spectrum, and no single solution works for everyone. And even if you’re set on an HSA-qualified plan, you’ll want to be sure to compare other plan features and costs (like the scope of your provider network and prescription formulary) to land on the right decision.
HDHPs can be a smart choice because they open the door to HSA contributions, which can defray or, in some cases, completely cover the costs of the deductibles you then face (assuming you’re willing and able to contribute to your HSA). As you weigh your health plan options during open enrollment — or during a special enrollment period if you have a qualifying event — you may find that it pays to switch to an HDHP to capitalize on the tax savings HSAs offer.
Footnotes
- Revenue Procedure 2023-23. Internal Revenue Service. Accessed January 2024. ⤶ ⤶
- Revenue Procedure 2022-24. Internal Revenue Service. Accessed January 2024. ⤶
