Headlines about health insurers exiting the Affordable Care Act’s exchanges have been appearing at a rapid pace this summer. Some of the carriers – like Aetna, Humana, and UnitedHealthcare – have made national news with their decisions to withdraw, while others carrier exits have drawn less attention.
If you’re curious about what’s going on in your state, we keep track of each state’s exchange here.
Some states are being hit worse than others by the carrier exits. For example, at least four carriers are exiting the Arizona exchange – and Pinal County Arizona currently has no carriers slated to sell exchange plans at all in 2017. Wyoming, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Alaska are all expected to have just a single carrier in their exchanges in 2017. But New York’s exchange has 14 carriers that will be offering plans in 2017, and only one carrier leaving the exchange.
Who’s backing out and where?
The following carriers have all said that they’re exiting the exchanges in at least one state at the end of 2017 – though some are exiting the exchanges in numerous states (this list is being updated periodically, so check back in the weeks leading up to open enrollment; most recent update is as of November 3, 2016):
- Aetna is exiting exchanges in 11 states and abandoning previous plans to expand into additional states for 2017. Aetna exchange plans will only be available in Iowa, Delaware, Nebraska, and Virginia in 2017.
- UnitedHealthcare is exiting exchanges in 31 states. United’s plans will only be available in the exchanges in Virginia, New York, and Nevada in 2017.
- Humana is leaving the marketplaces in Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah.
- Cigna is leaving the exchange in Georgia and Texas, but has joined the exchange in North Carolina (Raleigh-Durham area) for 2017.
- Lifewise and Zoom are leaving the exchange in Oregon.
- Health Alliance Northwest is leaving the exchange in Washington State.
- Health Choice is leaving the exchange in Arizona.
- Presbyterian Health Plan is exiting the exchange in New Mexico.
- Scott & White Health Plan and Allegian Health Plan are exiting the exchange in Texas.
- WellCare is pulling out of exchanges in New York and Kentucky.
- Southeastern Indiana Health Organization, Physician’s Health Plan, and Indiana University Health Plan are all exiting the exchange in Indiana.
- Moda is leaving the exchange in Alaska.
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Kansas is leaving the exchange in Kansas, although two other BCBS entities will continue to offer exchange plans in Kansas.
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Nebraska is leaving the exchange in Nebraska (announcement made September 23, 2016).
- Priority Health Insurance Company is leaving the exchange in Michigan, although Priority Health, which is a separate entity, will continue to offer on-exchange HMO and POS plans.
- Harbor Health Plan is leaving the exchange in Michigan.
- Oscar is exiting the exchange in New Jersey, and also in Dallas
- HealthyCT is exiting the exchange in Connecticut.
- InHealth Mutual leaving the exchange in Ohio.
- Ambetter, Physicians Plus, and Arise Health Plan (WPS) are leaving the exchange in Wisconsin.
- Harken Health is leaving the exchanges in Illinois and Georgia.
- BlueChoice is leaving the exchange in South Carolina.
- Baptist Health is leaving the exchange in Kentucky.
- Community Health Options is leaving the exchange in New Hampshire.
- Keystone Health Plan Central is leaving the exchange in Pennsylvania.
- This list does NOT include partial market exits, either from specific areas of a state (like BCBSTN’s exit from the metro areas of Tennessee, for example), or from a particular market segment, like PPOs. In Minnesota, BCBSMN is dropping their PPOs, and Geisinger Quality Options (PPO) will not be available in the Pennsylvania exchange in 2017. But Blue Plus will still have HMOs available in Minnesota, and Geisinger Health Plan will still offer HMOs in Pennsylvania. That said, there are quite a few people across the country who will have to switch to a new plan due to carriers exiting partial areas of a state, or dropping a product segment (typically PPOs).
HealthyCT and InHealth Mutual are ACA-created CO-OPs that managed to survive into 2016, but will close at the end of the year. (InHealth Mutual members were allowed to transition to new carriers in the summer of 2016, but those who opted to remain with the CO-OP can keep their coverage until December 31, albeit with reduced coverage limits.)
There are two other CO-OPs that failed in 2016 prior to the end of the year: In Illinois, Land of Lincoln is closing September 30, and in Oregon, the remaining CO-OP closed July 31.
What kind of health exchange does my state offer?
Exchange exit, or marketwide exit?
Some of the exits are marketwide, meaning that the carrier is exiting the entire individual market, both on- and off-exchange. UnitedHealthcare’s exit in most states applies on- and off-exchange.
But some carriers are choosing to exit the exchanges yet remain in the off-exchange market. Aetna is pulling out of most of the exchanges, but will continue to offer off-exchange plans in most of the areas where they do so now.
Humana, on the other hand, is dropping “substantially all” of its off-exchange business, but remaining in several exchanges. The carrier is planning to continue to offer coverage in 11 states – down from 19 – but the total number of counties in which they offer coverage will shrink by 88 percent at the end of 2016.
In Texas, Scott & White Health Plan will exit the exchange, and will drop its Silver and Gold plans outside the exchange. But the carrier will continue to offer some Bronze plans outside of the exchange.
And while some states – like Georgia – are seeing carriers retreating from rural areas and remaining in urban areas, other states – such as Arizona – are seeing the opposite.
In short, there’s no single strategy that applies here. And while the trend is certainly towards a reduction in the number of carriers offering plans in the exchanges, some states – like Iowa – will have new carriers joining their exchange for 2017.
How many people are impacted?
At ACA Signups, Charles Gaba has estimated about 1.8 million exchange enrollees will be impacted by the departure of Aetna, United, Humana, and the four CO-OPs.
Aetna, United, and Humana are all big-name carriers that are exiting the exchanges in multiple states, but there are a significant number of local carriers that are also exiting exchanges.
Some have only a small number of enrollees. Health Alliance Northwest had only nine exchange enrollees in Washington as of March 2016. In New York’s exchange, WellCare covers less than 1 percent of the exchange enrollees, and in Georgia, Cigna’s 1,500 enrollees make up only 0.3 percent of the total exchange enrollment.
But there are 10,000 people with Presbyterian plans in the New Mexico exchange, and 12,200 people have exchange plans through Health Choice in Arizona.
In Alaska, Moda has 14,000 individual-market enrollees, including on- and off-exchange, and in Oregon, Lifewise has a combined individual market membership of 18,000.
Although none of these carriers have the level of total exchange volume as the big insurers that are exiting numerous exchanges, their exit will certainly have an impact on their members.
It’s worth noting that there are many states where carriers are reducing their coverage area, but technically remaining in the exchange. For example, in Arizona, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona and Health Net are both exiting Maricopa and Pinal counties at the end of 2016. They’ll still offer exchange plans in other parts of Arizona, but their exit from the Phoenix area means that about 58,000 people will lose access to their current plans.
And in Minnesota, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota is dropping their individual PPOs. The parent company will still have their HMOs available through Blue Plus, but about 103,000 people will need to switch to a new plan.
What happens if my carrier exits?
If your carrier is exiting the exchange – or the entire individual market – you’ll need to shop around for a new plan during open enrollment. If you don’t pick a new plan by December 15, the exchange might pick one for you.
Under new HHS guidelines for 2017, the exchange will “endeavor to” automatically re-enroll you into a plan from another exchange carrier that’s the closest match to the coverage you had previously. (This post explains more about how that process works, and the changes that apply for 2017.)
Although Aetna will continue to offer off-exchange plans in most of the areas where it offers coverage today, you won’t be automatically switched from an on-exchange Aetna plan to an off-exchange Aetna plan. You’ll have that option, of course, if you want to remain with Aetna (without subsidies, since those aren’t available outside the exchange).
But the guidelines for 2017 clarify that automatic re-enrollment (as opposed to manual re-enrollment that the applicants do themselves) for people on-exchange plans must be to another exchange plan, even if that means switching to a different carrier.
In short, HHS has implemented a protocol for ensuring – as much as possible – that policyholders won’t find themselves uninsured on January 1 if their carrier is leaving the exchange. But if your carrier is leaving the exchange and you’d like to have a say in what plan you get for 2017, it’s essential that you log back into your exchange account once open enrollment begins, and select your own plan. You can seek out help with this process, and there’s no charge for professional assistance. If you reach out to an exchange-certified broker for help, you can assign that person as your broker in your account, and he or she will be able to help you determine which replacement plan will work best. You can also switch to an off-exchange plan if you prefer, but keep in mind that subsidies aren’t available outside the exchange, so you’ll only want to go that route if you’re not eligible for a subsidy.
Louise Norris is an individual health insurance broker who has been writing about health insurance and health reform since 2006. She has written dozens of opinions and educational pieces about the Affordable Care Act for healthinsurance.org. Her state health exchange updates are regularly cited by media who cover health reform and by other health insurance experts.